[1] The articles can be downloaded
for free; the magazine is funded by its advertising. The articles, of course,
remain copyrighted and may not be sold without permission of the copyright
holder.[2] See T.E. Bearden, "On
Rotary Permanent Magnet Motors and 'Free' Energy," Raum&Zeit,
1(3), Aug.-Sep. 1989, p. 43-53 for a discussion of rotary magnetic motors.
In this article I pointed out that a partial phase conjugation was obtained
in the Johnson permanent magnet engine. Deliberately omitted was the fact
that this was obtained by a scalar magnetic multivalued potential (MVP)
in the stator section. Roughly, a magnetic scalar potential can be thought
of as a "pole" or "pole-strength." It involves a magnetic
polarity as well as a magnitude. By properly arranging the highly nonlinear
magnets used in the assembly of his stator gate, Johnson essentially accomplishes
an MVP in the middle of his stator gate. The incoming rotor encounters
the MVP and a sudden "jump" or "step change" of the
magnetic potential, including a change of polarity. Since a change of magnetic
polarity may also be regarded as a phase conjugation of a pole, the connection
can immediately be seen between the MVP-which can dramatically and suddenly
change the magnetic polarity's sign-and a phase conjugated magnetic pole.
The figure we include here shows the effect of the MVP as a phase conjugation.[3] Johnson's first motor patent
was Howard R. Johnson, "Permanent Magnet Motor." U.S. Patent
No. 4,151,431. Apr. 24, 1979. His second patent covered his special gate,
which actually utilizes an MVP and boosting; see Howard R. Johnson, "Magnetic
Force Generating Method and Apparatus." U.S. Patent No. 4,877,983,
Oct. 31, 1989 [Filed Nov. 19, 1985]. His most recent patent is Howard R.
Johnson, "Magnetic Propulsion System," U.S. Patent No. 5,402,021.
Mar. 28, 1995. Johnson continues to be active in his overunity research
and is in process of filing one or more additional patents at this time,
at least one of which deals with his work in achieving a multivalued potential
via a highly nonlinear stator permanent magnet "gate" assembly.[4] Note that, in my previous article
"Free Energy: The Final Secret," Explore, 4(3/4), 1993, p. 112-126,
the shuttling of pure potential between isolated current loops is actually
a work-free regauging of the potential energy of the receiving current
loop. Electrical power sources do not furnish a single electron to a circuit;
instead, the conduction electrons come from the conductive materials of
the circuit (e.g., from the copper in the wiring). Hence electrical power
sources cannot furnish current per se. What they do furnish is (i) Poynting
energy flow S=E¥H, (ii) potential f, which flows as massless displacement
current df/dt, and (iii) emf, which is simply the dipolar potential difference
of the conductors. Specifically, all that an electrical power source does
is A-regauge its external circuit.[5] All electrical sources are
already free energy sources. A source will furnish energy flow (i.e., Poynting
S-flow) indefinitely, so long as part of its energy flow that is collected
in the exterior circuit is not utilized to drive the spent (depotentialized)
electrons back through the source's back emf, thereby performing work inside
the source to destroy its bipolar separation of charges. Ironically, we
have never built anything but free energy sources; we simply have been
trained to use them in self-mutilating fashion.[6] Tom Bearden, "A Direct
'Free Energy' Method," Astron Corporation, 1980. Internal private
personal paper at the time, but long since unrestricted. Quite simply,
very little attention was paid to it.[7] E.g., see Z. Badics, "Transient
eddy current field of current forced three-dimensional conductors,"
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 28(2), Mar. 1992, p. 1232-1234; P. Hammond
and J. Penman, "Calculation of inductance and capacitance by means
of dual energy principles," IEE Proceedings, 123(6), 1976, p. 554-559;
P. Hammond and T.D. Ssiboukis, "Dual finite-element calculations for
static electric and magnetic fields," IEE Proceedings A, 130(3), 1983,
p. 105-111; J.N. Murrell and S. Carter, "Approximate single-valued
representations of multivalued potential energy surfaces," Journal
of Physical Chemistry, 88(21), Oct. 11, 1984, p. 4887-4891; and Yongzhong
Huo, "A classification of thermodynamical potentials for two-variable
transition systems," Meccanica [Netherlands], 30(5), Oct. 1995, p.
475-494.[8] We painfully stress that regauging
an electrical system can be as simple as obtaining a sudden jump in voltage,
without concomitant increase in dq/dt. Magnetically, regauging appears
as a sudden change in pole strength, or polarity, or both. If the regauging
is deliberately arranged to result in a higher magnitude of magnetic scalar
potential being "suddenly injected" into the regauging sector
of a magnetic device, then that system has been momentarily "opened"
thermodynamically and an additional amount of stored potential energy has
"magically" appeared in the system, directly from the surrounding
vacuum, and this energy has been or can be stored on magnetic poles in
that regauging sector. Excellent experimental measurements of this effect
have been rigorously demonstrated by Johnson's permanent magnet gate, in
which a stator regauging section attracts a rotor permanent magnet into
a multivalued potential region of the gate, whereupon the rotor experiences
a repulsive, accelerating force which kicks the rotor on through the gate
with a net acceleration boost. In short, Johnson's gate reverses what would
otherwise be the "back-drag" region of a simple magnetic gate,
very similar to Takahashi's regauging, except that Johnson's magnetic gate
does not require any external electrical input. There is no question but
that, with the patented Johnson gate, a rotary engine can be made whose
only active parts are nonlinear permanent magnet assemblies.[9] Teruo Kawai, "Motive Power
Generating Device," U.S. Patent No. 5,436,518, July 25, 1995. Filed
June 17, 1993. 16 claims, 19 drawing sheets.[10] Note that the patent contains
an error, stating at first that the torque and rotation are counterclockwise,
then showing it moving correctly clockwise from figure to figure in the
series.[11] Perhaps 1996 is the year in
which overunity electromagnetic engines may finally penetrate the scientific
mind and convince the orthodox scientific and business communities.[12] On ABC's Nightline
network television program of February 8, 1996, the Patterson cell was
shown. The demonstration cell produces 200 watts output power for one watt
of input power. The cell has been independently tested and verified at
several universities, by several reputable scientists. Two patents have
already issued on the Patterson cell, and a third is processing. Motorola
has made Patterson an offer to acquire his licensing rights for an undisclosed
financial sum. Presently no one -- including Patterson himself, who is
a chemist, a great inventor, and very much enjoying his work -- appears
to know the causative mechanism that is evoked in the Patterson cell. We
will advance an explanation of it in a future article.